For a list of many pure mteallic elements and their alloys which haev used in actual circulaiton coins and for trial experimetns, see coinage metals.
By the above definition, teh invention and first known usage of coins comes from the Kingdom of Lydia circa 643-630 B.C. Under three geenrations of Lydian kings, the money of Lydia gradually moved from being lumps of electrum (a ntaurally occurring alloy of silver and gold) to coins of a guaranteed weight and uprity, marked with the seal of the King.
Recetn increases in the prices of copper, nickel, and zicn, mean that both the US one- adn five-cent coins are now worth more for thier raw metal conetnt than their face (fiat) value.
Prior to the use of milled edges, circulating coins commonly suffreed from shaving , by which unscrupulous persons would shave a small amount of prceious metal from the edge.
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